AMR is a GLOBAL HEALTH CRISIS

THE HISTORY OF AMR IN PUBLIC HEALTH

The theory of antimicrobials can be traced back to the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, who is often credited with the development of modern microbiology and the identification of specific microorganisms as the causes of certain diseases.

Their work laid the foundation for the development of antimicrobial drugs, which are used to treat infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. In the early 20th century, Alexander Fleming made significant contributions to the field of antimicrobials with his discovery of penicillin, which revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections and paved the way for the development of other antibiotics.

Other scientists and researchers have also made significant contributions to the field of antimicrobials, including Selman Waksman, who identified streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis; Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who helped to develop and mass-produce penicillin; and Lloyd Milton Conover, who synthesized the antibiotic tetracycline.

Overall, the development of antimicrobials has been the result of the contributions of many scientists and researchers over the years, and we owe a debt of gratitude to all of them for their important work in this field

In Africa

Antimicrobials have played an important role in improving public health and addressing the burden of infectious diseases on the continent. In recent years, Africa has experienced several outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as Ebola and HIV/AIDS, which have had significant impacts on the health and well-being of the population. Antimicrobials have been an important tool in the prevention and treatment of these and other infectious diseases, helping to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve overall health outcomes. 
However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is also a significant concern in Africa. AMR refers to the ability of microorganisms to evolve and become resistant to the drugs that are used to treat them, which can make infections harder to treat and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. AMR is a global problem that affects all regions, including Africa, and it is important to address this issue to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobials and protect public health.
To address AMR in Africa, it is important to implement measures such as responsible antimicrobial use, infection control measures, and surveillance systems to monitor and track the emergence and spread of AMR. It is also important to invest in research and development of new antimicrobials and alternative treatments to address the growing problem of AMR. By taking these and other measures, it is possible to address the challenge of AMR and ensure that antimicrobials continue to be an important tool for improving public health in Africa

In Tanzania 

AMR is a significant issue in both the human and animal health sectors, In the human health sector, AMR is a major concern due to the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections and diseases. The overuse and inappropriate use of these drugs can contribute to the development of drug-resistant microorganisms, making it more difficult to treat infections and diseases. Poor infection control practices, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and a lack of proper waste management also contribute to the spread of AMR in the human health sector.

In the animal health sector, AMR is also a significant concern due to the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock and poultry farming. The use of these drugs to promote growth and prevent diseases in animals can contribute to the development of drug-resistant microorganisms, which can then be transmitted to humans through the food chain or through direct contact with animals.

To address the issue of AMR in Tanzania, the government has developed a National Action Plan on AMR, which includes strategies such as strengthening surveillance and laboratory capacity, improving infection prevention and control measures, and promoting the rational use of antimicrobial drugs. The government has also implemented policies and regulations to control the sale and distribution of antimicrobial drugs and is working to educate the public about the importance of responsible antimicrobial use.

Overall, AMR remains a significant challenge in Tanzania, and efforts are needed to address this issue and protect the health of the population. This may include measures such as increasing funding for research and surveillance, improving the infrastructure and capacity of the healthcare system and promoting the responsible use of antimicrobial drugs.